Thursday, 13 February 2014

Weight Loss Exercises You Can Do At Home

Weight Loss Exercises You Can Do At Home

Step Ups

You don't need a stepper to do this exercise. We all have steps inside or outside out homes. All you have to do is step up and step down on the count.

Squats


Squats are usually done without any equipments. Place your hand on your head and slowly lower yourself into a sitting position. Get up quickly without taking any balancing support from your hands.

Crunches

Crunches are the best exercises to burn belly fat. Lie flat on a floor mat. Place you hands behind your head and slowly pull yourself up without taking support. You must lift yourself from your waist and then go back to the sleeping position.

 Push Ups

 Lie flat on your tummy. Lift yourself on your arms and toes. Now bring your nose down to touch the ground and pull yourself back again. This a good exercise for your arms and your chest.

Spot Jogging

 Cardio exercises are very important for weight loss. Even if you do not have a treadmill at home, you can still do cardios. Choose an uncluttered spot in your hall and start jogging on the spot. You will not leave that spot but go through the motions of jogging.

Dancing

 Dancing is one of the best weight loss exercises that work on your entire body. You can move the furniture in your drawing room to one side, put on some peppy music and dance to your heart's content.

Jumping Jack

 The childhood game of jumping jack can actually be a weight loss exercise for you now. Pick a place that is not cluttered and start jumping there. While you jump, raise your legs horizontally and clap your hands above your head.

 Skipping

 Skipping with a rope is again a childhood pass-time and also a game. You can do skipping in your balcony, garden or terrace.

 Dips Dips

 are easy to do if you have a small stool for support. Place your legs at high point (on a stool or the sofa) and support yourself on the ground with your hands. Now take 'dips' towards the ground and raise yourself up again.

 Burpees

This may seem easy but it is one of the best exercises for weight loss. Lie flat on your tummy. Slowly raise yourself on your hands and toes. Now hang like that in mid air for as long as you can. It works on tightening the muscles in your body.

Wednesday, 12 February 2014

TYPE OF ABORTION

TYPE OF ABORTION
----------------------------------
TYPES OF SPONTANEOUS ABORTION
The terms and definitions in the remainder of this chapter
refer only to clinically recognizable pregnancies.
Threatened Abortion
The term threatened abortion is used when a pregnancy
is complicated by vaginal bleeding before the 20th week.
Pain may not be a prominent feature of threatened
abortion, although a lower abdominal dull ache
sometimes accompanies the bleeding. Vaginal examination
at this stage usually reveals a closed cervix. About one
third of pregnant women have some degree of vaginal
bleeding during the first trimester, and 25% to 50% of
threatened abortions eventually result in loss of the
pregnancy.
Inevitable Abortion
In a case of inevitable abortion, a clinical pregnancy is
complicated by both vaginal bleeding and cramp-like
lower abdominal pain. The cervix is frequently partially
dilated, contributing to the inevitability of the process.
Incomplete Abortion
In addition to vaginal bleeding, cramp-like pain, and
cervical dilation, an incomplete abortion involves the
passage of products of conception, often described by
the woman as looking like pieces of skin or liver.
Complete Abortion
In complete abortion, after passage of all the products of
conception, the uterine contractions and bleeding abate,
the cervix closes, and the uterus is smaller than the
period of amenorrhea would suggest. In addition, the
symptoms of pregnancy are no longer present, and the
pregnancy test becomes negative.
Missed Abortion
The term missed abortion is used when the fetus has died
but is retained in the uterus, usually for more than 6
weeks. Because coagulation problems may develop,
fibrinogen levels should be checked weekly until the fetus
and placenta are expelled (spontaneously) or removed
surgically.
Recurrent Abortion
Three successive spontaneous abortions usually occur
before a patient is considered as a recurrent aborter.
Many clinicians feel that two successive first-trimester
losses or a single second-trimester spontaneous abortion
is justification for an evaluation of a couple for the causes
of the pregnancy losses ....

12 Signs Your Thyroid Isn't Working Right ::

12 Signs Your Thyroid Isn't Working Right ::


1. You're exhausted
Feeling tired and having no energy are issues associated
with lots of conditions, but they're strongly linked with
hypothyroidism, the disorder that's the result of too little
thyroid hormone. If you're still tired in the morning or all
day after a full night's sleep, that's a clue that your
thyroid may be underactive. Too little thyroid hormone
coursing through your bloodstream and cells means your
muscles aren't getting that get-going signal. “Fatigue is the
number one symptom I see,” says Miller. “It’s the kind of
fatigue where you’re still tired in the morning after a full
night’s sleep—that’s a clue that you’re not simply sleep
deprived; your thyroid may be underactive.”


2. Your appetite or taste buds are altered
An increased appetite can be a sign of hyperthyroidism
when too much thyroid hormone may have you feeling
hungry all of the time. The only upside is that the "hyper"
part of the disorder typically offsets the caloric impact of
an increased appetite so the end result isn't weight gain.


3. You're feeling down
Feeling unusually depressed or sad can also be a
symptom of hypothyroidism. Why? It's thought that the
production of too little thyroid hormone can have an
impact on levels of "feel good" serotonin in the brain.
With an underactive thyroid turning other body systems
down to "low," it's not surprising that your mood might
sink there, too.


4. You feel jittery and anxious
Anxiety and "feeling wired" are associated with
hyperthyroidism, when the thyroid gland is making too
much thyroid hormone. Flooded with consistent "all
systems go" messages, your metabolism and whole body
may spin into overdrive. If you feel like you just can't
relax, your thyroid may be "hyper."


5. Your skin is dry
Skin that's dry and itchy can be a symptom of
hypothyroidism. The change in skin texture and
appearance is probably due to slowed metabolism
(caused by too little thyroid hormone production), which
can reduce sweating. Skin without enough moisture can
quickly become dry and flaky. Likewise, nails can become
brittle and may develop ridges.


6. You've gained weight
Going up a few dress sizes can be caused by so many
things that it's unlikely your doctor will look at weight
gain alone as a potential thyroid disorder symptom.
However, weight gain is one of the top reasons women
show up in Miller’s office for a thyroid checkup. “They’ll
tell me that they aren’t eating any more than usual, but
they’re gaining weight,” she says. “They are exercising, but
they are getting nowhere. They can’t lose it.” It’s almost
always due to an underactive thyroid, she says.


7. You have high cholesterol
High levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol
that haven't responded to diet, exercise, or medication
have been linked to hypothyroidism. Elevated levels of the
"bad" cholesterol can be caused by an underactive
thyroid and are cause for concern. Untreated
hypothyroidism can lead to heart problems, including an
enlarged heart and heart failure.


8. Your brain feels fuzzy
Sure, it could be caused by sleep deprivation or aging,
but cognitive functioning can take a hit when your
thyroid is out of whack. Too much thyroid hormone
(hyperthyroidism) can cause difficulty concentrating and
too little (hypothyroidism) may cause forgetfulness and
general brain fog. “When we treat patients for
hypothyroidism, they are often surprised at how fast their
brain fog goes away and how much sharper they feel,”
Miller says. “Many women think it’s just something that
comes along with menopause when it really is a sign of a
thyroid problem.”


9. You're feeling all fluttery
That fluttery feeling you're having may be heart
palpitations. It can feel like your heart is actually
fluttering or skipping a beat or two, or beating too hard
or too quickly. You may notice these feelings in your
chest or at pulse points in your throat or neck. Heart
flutters or palpitations can be a sign of too many thyroid
hormones flooding your system (hyperthyroidism).


10. You have painful extremities or muscles
Sometimes you stub a toe or work out too hard—that
kind of pain can be explained away. But if you have
mysterious or sudden tingling or numbness—or actual
pain—in your arms, legs, feet, or hands, that could be a
sign of hypothyroidism. Over time, producing too little
thyroid hormone can damage the nerves that send signals
from your brain and spinal cord throughout your body.
The result is those "unexplained" tingles and twinges.


11. You have high blood pressure
Elevated blood pressure can be a symptom of a thyroid
disorder. Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism have
been fingered as culprits. By some estimates, people with
hypothyroidism have two to three times the risk of
developing hypertension. One theory is that low amounts
of thyroid hormone can slow heart beat, which can affect
pumping strength and blood vessel wall flexibility. Both
may cause a rise in blood pressure.


12. You're hoarse or your neck feels funny
A change in your voice or a lump in your throat could be
a sign of a thyroid disorder. One way to check is to take a
good look at your neck to see if you can detect any signs
of thyroid swelling.

RESEARCH INFORMATION

RESEARCH INFORMATION:

BIG NEWS: German scientists have developed artificial
bone marrow that allows stem cells to multiply in the lab,
and could help doctors treat leukaemia in a few years.
Before this it was impossible for scientists to grow the
haematopoietic stem cells needed to treat blood diseases
such as leukaemia, as they only retain their stem cells
properties when inside bone marrow.

Top Causes Of Dark Underarms

Top Causes Of Dark Underarms

1 . Shaving When you use a razor to shave, you cut off hair just below the surface of the skin. Shaving results in unsightly stubble, which gives the illusion that you have darker underarms. The same goes for hair removal creams like Anne French or Veet. Both of these also remove hair on the surface only, which makes the underarms look darker. The fact that shaving results in ingrown hair also further contributes to the problem. Instead, try waxing as it removes the hair from the root itself.

2 . Dead Cells Darker underarms could very well be the result of dead cells accumulation on your underarms. All you need to do is exfoliate gently, either by using a loofah or scrubs with lactic acid

. 3 . Using Deodorants and Antiperspirants Excessively Many theories reveal that the chemical compounds in strong deodorants could be the reason for darker underarms. This leads to pigmentation, which can result in permanently darker armpits. To change that, use deos for sensitive skin or resort to natural methods for dealing with underarm odour.

 4 . Friction Sometimes, when we wear tight clothes on a daily basis, the friction between the material and your armpits can lead to darkening. To reverse the damage, switch to looser clothes and fabrics that breathe easily in the summer. Basically, fat accumulated under the arm rubs against fabric and causes darkening. Losing weight will also help.

 5 . Hereditary Factors Sometimes, hereditary factors can be the cause for darkened underarms. It could be excessive weight gain, hormonal factors that result in pigmentation or even the use of birth control pills. In such cases, visit the doctor to get professional advice as your problem is much deeper than just dark underarms.

 6 . Diabetes What many people don’t realize is that diabetes also causes pigmentation, resulting in darker underarms. The best way to deal with this is to maintain optimum insulin levels and try natural remedies.

Carpel tunnel release surgery

Carpel tunnel release surgery (6 photos)

A 57 year old female was referred to us following
failure of conservative treatment for Carpal tunnel
syndrome with Steroids and Splintage. Her main
complaints were increased pain in the right hand more
so at night, disturbed sleep.Weakness in grip.
She underwent surgical release of Carpal tunnel and
Guyons canal at the same time....

Surgery was perform at civil hospital Karachi by Dr .Ahmed Jalil




50 Secrets Your Nurse Won’t Tell You

50 Secrets Your Nurse Won’t Tell You

1. “We’re not going to tell you your doctor is incompetent, but if I say, ‘You have the right to a second opinion,’ that can be code for ‘I don’t like your doctor’ or ‘I don’t trust your doctor.’” — Linda Bell, RN, clinical practice specialist at the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses in Aliso Viejo, California

2. “When a patient is terminally ill, sometimes the doctor won’t order enough pain medication. If the patient is suffering, we’ll sometimes give more than what the doctor said and ask him later to change the order. People will probably howl now that I’ve said it out loud, but you have to take care of your patient.” — A longtime nurse in Texas

3. “Feel free to tell us about your personal life, but know that we’re here for 12 hours with nothing to talk about. So the stuff you tell us will probably get repeated.” — A nurse in St. Petersburg, Florida

4. “A lot of my patients are incontinent, and I’m supposed to just use a wet washcloth to clean them. But if it’s a patient who’s been really nice and appreciative, I’ll go all the way to intensive care to get some of the heated wet wipes, which are a lot more gentle. Somebody who’s constantly yelling at me? I just use the washcloth.” — A nurse in St. Petersburg, Florida

5. “I’ve had people blow out arteries in front of me, where I know the patient could bleed to death within minutes. I’ve had people with brains literally coming out of their head. No matter how worried I am, I’ll say calmly, ‘Hmmm, let me give the doctor a call and have him come look at that.’” — A longtime nurse in Texas

6. “I’d never tell a patient that he’s a moron for waiting a week for his stroke symptoms to improve before coming to the hospital. Although I’d like to. Especially if his wife then complains that we’re not doing anything for the guy.” — A longtime nurse

7. “If you’re happily texting and laughing with your friends until the second you spot me walking into your room, I’m not going to believe that your pain is a ten out of ten.” — A nurse in New York City

 8. “When you tell me how much you drink or smoke or how often you do drugs, I automatically double or triple it.” — A longtime nurse in Texas

9. “Your life is in our hands — literally. We question physicians’ orders more often than you might think. Some of the mistakes I’ve headed off: a physician who forgot to order a medication that the patient was taking at home, a doctor who ordered the incorrect diet for a diabetic, and one who tried to perform a treatment on the wrong patient.” — A nurse from Pennsylvania

10. “These days, you can’t get admitted unless you’re really sick, and you’ll probably get sent home before you’re really ready. So we don’t get any easy ones anymore.” — Kathy Stephens Williams, RN, staff development educator for critical care at St. Anthony’s Medical Center in St. Louis, Missouri


11. “People have no idea of the amount of red tape and charting we have to deal with every day. We spend hours at the computer just clicking boxes. They tell us, ‘If it wasn’t charted, it didn’t happen.’ So I always chart with a jury in the back of my mind.” — An intensive-care nurse in California

 12. “Despite nurses’ best efforts, hospitals are still filthy and full of drug-resistant germs. I don’t even bring my shoes into the house when I get home.” — Gina, a nurse who blogs at codeblog.com

13. “The No. 1 thing you should never say to me: ‘You’re too smart to be a nurse.’ I went to nursing school because I wanted to be a nurse, not because I wanted to be a doctor and didn’t make it.” — A longtime nurse in Texas

14. “Grey’s Anatomy? We watch it and laugh. Ninety percent of the things doctors do on the show are things that nurses do in real life. Plus, there’s no time to sit in patients’ rooms like that.” — Kathy Stephens Williams, RN

15. “The sicker you are, the less you complain. I’ll have a dying patient with horrible chest pain who says nothing, because he doesn’t want to bother me. But the guy with the infected toe — he can’t leave me alone.” — An intensive-care nurse in California

16. “No matter how many times you use your call light, even if it’s every ten minutes, I will come into your room with a smile. However, if you don’t really need help, I will go back to the nurses’ station and complain, and this may affect how the nurses on the next shift take care of you.” — A cardiac nurse in San Jose, California

17. “When your provider asks for a list of the medications you’re taking, make sure you include over-the-counter drugs and herbals. People think that if an herb is ‘all natural’ and ‘organic,’ it’s not a medication. But that’s not true. Herbals can interact with other medications and can cause serious complications.” — Kristin Baird, RN, a health-care consultant in Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin

18. “This is a hospital, not a hotel. I’m sorry the food isn’t the best, and no, your boyfriend can’t sleep in the bed with you.” — A nurse in New York City

19. “I know you asked for mashed potatoes, but that sound you hear is my other patient’s ventilator going off.” — A nurse in New York City

 20. “If you ask me if your biopsy results have come back yet, I may say no even if they have, because the doctor is really the best person to tell you. He can answer all your questions.” — Gina, a nurse who blogs at codeblog.com

21. “When you ask me, ‘Have you ever done this before?’ I’ll always say yes.Even if I haven’t.” — A nurse in New York City

22. “In my first nursing job, some of the more senior nurses on the floor refused to help me when I really needed it, and they corrected my inevitable mistakes loudly and in public. It’s a very stressful job, so we take it out on each other.” — Theresa Brown, RN, an oncology nurse and the author of Critical Care: A New Nurse Faces Death, Life, and Everything in Between

 23. “It can be intimidating when you see a physician who is known for being a real ogre make a mistake. Yes, you want to protect your patient, but there’s always a worry: Am I asking for a verbal slap in the face?” — Linda Bell, RN

24. “Every nurse has had a doctor blame her in front of a patient for something that is not her fault. They’re basically telling the patient, ‘You can’t trust your nurse.’” —Theresa Brown, RN

 25. “If you have a really great nurse, a note to her nurse manager that says ‘So-and-so was exceptional for this reason’ will go a long way. Those things come out in her evaluation — it’s huge.” — Linda Bell, RN

26. “If you’ve been a patient in a unit for a long time, come back and visit.We’ll remember you, and we’d love to see you healthy.” — An intensive-care nurse in California

27. “I once took care of a child who had been in a coma for more than a week. The odds that he would wake up were declining, but I had read that the sense of smell was the last thing to go. So I told his mom, ‘Put your perfume on a diaper and hold it up by his nose to see if it will trigger something.’ The child woke up three hours later. It was probably a coincidence, but it was one of my best moments as a nurse.” — Barbara Dehn, RN, a nurse-practitioner in Silicon Valley who blogs at nursebarb.com

28. “Now that medical records are computerized, a lot of nurses or doctors read the screen while you’re trying to talk to them. If you feel like you’re not being heard, say, ‘I need your undivided attention for a moment.’” — Kristin Baird, RN

 29. “Never talk to a nurse while she’s getting your medications ready. The more conversation there is, the more potential there is for error.” — Linda Bell, RN

 30. “Some jobs are physically demanding. Some are mentally demanding. Some are emotionally demanding. Nursing is all three. If you have a problem with a nurse or with your care, ask to speak to the charge nurse (the one who oversees the shift). If it isn’t resolved at that level, ask for the hospital supervisor.” — Nancy Brown, RN, a longtime nurse in Seattle

31. “If the person drawing your blood misses your vein the first time, ask for someone else. I’ve seen one person stick someone three times. They need to practice, but it shouldn’t be on you!” — Karon White Gibson, RN, producer-host of Outspoken with Karon, a Chicago cable TV show

32. “Never let your pain get out of control. Using a scale of zero to ten, with ten being the worst pain you can imagine, start asking for medication when your pain gets to a four. If you let it get really bad, it’s more difficult to get it under control.” — Nancy Beck, RN, a nurse at a Missouri hospital

33. “Ask the nurse to wet your bandage or dressing before removal — it won’t hurt as much.” — Karon White Gibson, RN

34. “If you’re going to get blood drawn, drink two or three glasses of water beforehand. If you’re dehydrated, it’s a lot harder for us to find a vein, which means more poking with the needle.”

35. “Don’t hold your breath when you know we’re about to do something painful, like remove a tube or take the staples out of an incision. Doing that will just make it worse. Take a few deep breaths instead.” — Mary Pat Aust, RN, clinical practice specialist at American Association of Critical-Care Nurses in Aliso Viejo, California

36. “If you have a choice, don’t go into the hospital in July. That’s when the new crop of residents starts, and they’re pretty clueless.” — A nurse supervisor at a New Jersey hospital

37. “Doctors don’t always tell you everything. They’ll be in the hallway saying, ‘She has a very poor prognosis. There’s nothing we can do.’ Then they don’t say that in the room. Sometimes I try to persuade them to be more up-front, but I don’t always succeed.” — Theresa Brown, RN

 38. “There are a few doctors at every hospital who just don’t think that they need to wash their hands between seeing patients. Others get distracted and forget. So always ask anyone who comes into your room, ‘Have you washed your hands?’” — Kathy Stephens Williams, RN

39. “Many doctors seem to have a lack of concern about pain. I’ve seen physicians perform very painful treatments without giving sedatives or pain medicine in advance, so the patient wakes up in agony. When they do order pain medicine, they’re so concerned about overdosing, they often end up underdosing.” — A nurse supervisor at a New Jersey hospital

40. “When you’re with someone who is dying, try to get in bed and snuggle with them. Often they feel very alone and just want to be touched. Many times my patients will tell me, ‘I’m living with cancer but dying from lack of affection.’” — Barbara Dehn, RN, NP

 41. “It’s the little things that make a difference for people who are sick. One of the best things you can do is wrap them in a warm blanket or towel. Throw the towel in the dryer before they are bathed. If they’re in a hospital, find out where the blanket warmer is.” — Barbara Dehn, RN, NP

42. “I’ll never tell you to change your code status to Do Not Resuscitate, even though I might cringe at the thought of having to break your ribs during CPR.With certain patients, however, I may talk to family members to clarify their goals for the patient’s care. This sometimes leads to an elderly person being placed on comfort care rather than being continually tortured by us with procedures that aren’t going to help.” — A cardiac nurse in San Jose, California

43. “Husbands, listen to your wives if they tell you to go to the hospital. Today a man kept fainting but wouldn’t go to the hospital until his wife forced him. He needed not one, not two, but three units of blood — he was bleeding internally. He could have had a cardiac arrest. Another man complained to his wife that he didn’t feel ‘right.’ His wife finally called me to come over to their house. His pulse was
40. He got a pacemaker that evening.” — Barbara Dehn, RN, NP

 44. “The doctors don’t save you; we do. We’re the ones keeping an eye on your electrolytes, your fluids, whether you’re running a fever. We’re often the ones who decide whether you need a feeding tube or a central line for your IV. And we’re the ones who yell and screech when something goes wrong.” — A longtime nurse in Texas

45. “If you do not understand what the doctor is telling you, say so! I once heard a doctor telling his patient that the tumor was benign, and the patient thought that benign meant that he had cancer. That patient was my dad. It was one of the things that inspired me to become a nurse.” — Theresa Tomeo, RN, a nurse at the Beth Abraham Center for Nursing and Rehabilitation in Queens, New York

 46. “At the end of an appointment, ask yourself: Do I know what’s happening next? If you had blood drawn, find out who’s calling who with the results, and when. People assume that if they haven’t heard from anyone, nothing is wrong. But I’ve heard horror stories. One positive biopsy sat under a pile of papers for three weeks.” — Kristin Baird, RN

47. “As a nurse, sometimes you do nothing but run numbers and replenish fluids. Sometimes you’re also the person who reassures the teenager that ‘everybody’ gets her period on the day of admission, the person who, though 30 years younger than the patient, tells that patient without blushing or stammering that yes, sex is possible even after neck surgery. You’re the person who knows not only the various ways to save somebody else’s life but also how to comfort those left behind.” —

48. “I had one patient show up repeatedly to see me after he was discharged. Another little old man tried to pull me into bed with him. (He was stronger than he looked.) The general rule is don’t ask us on a date. We’re busy. It’s unethical. And, really, I already know you better than I want to.” — A longtime nurse in Texas

49. “Positive attitude is everything. I have seen many people think themselves well.” — Nancy Beck, RN

50. “A simple ‘Thank you’ can really make my day.” — A nurse in New York City